Genesis 21: Isaac Is Born and Hagar Is Sent Away

Genesis_21
Chapter With Audio

The Birth of Isaac

21 The Lord visited Sarah as he had said, and the Lord did to Sarah as he had promised. 2 And Sarah conceived and bore Abraham a son in his old age at the time of which God had spoken to him. 3 Abraham called the name of his son who was born to him, whom Sarah bore him, Isaac. 4 And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him. 5 Abraham was a hundred years old when his son Isaac was born to him. 6 And Sarah said, “God has made laughter for me; everyone who hears will laugh over me.” 7 And she said, “Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children? Yet I have borne him a son in his old age.”

God Protects Hagar and Ishmael

8 And the child grew and was weaned. And Abraham made a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned. 9 But Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, laughing. 10 So she said to Abraham, “Cast out this slave woman with her son, for the son of this slave woman shall not be heir with my son Isaac.” 11 And the thing was very displeasing to Abraham on account of his son. 12 But God said to Abraham, “Be not displeased because of the boy and because of your slave woman. Whatever Sarah says to you, do as she tells you, for through Isaac shall your offspring be named. 13 And I will make a nation of the son of the slave woman also, because he is your offspring.” 14 So Abraham rose early in the morning and took bread and a skin of water and gave it to Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, along with the child, and sent her away. And she departed and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba.

15 When the water in the skin was gone, she put the child under one of the bushes. 16 Then she went and sat down opposite him a good way off, about the distance of a bowshot, for she said, “Let me not look on the death of the child.” And as she sat opposite him, she lifted up her voice and wept. 17 And God heard the voice of the boy, and the angel of God called to Hagar from heaven and said to her, “What troubles you, Hagar? Fear not, for God has heard the voice of the boy where he is. 18 Up! Lift up the boy, and hold him fast with your hand, for I will make him into a great nation.” 19 Then God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water. And she went and filled the skin with water and gave the boy a drink. 20 And God was with the boy, and he grew up. He lived in the wilderness and became an expert with the bow. 21 He lived in the wilderness of Paran, and his mother took a wife for him from the land of Egypt.

A Treaty with Abimelech

22 At that time Abimelech and Phicol the commander of his army said to Abraham, “God is with you in all that you do. 23 Now therefore swear to me here by God that you will not deal falsely with me or with my descendants or with my posterity, but as I have dealt kindly with you, so you will deal with me and with the land where you have sojourned.” 24 And Abraham said, “I will swear.”

25 When Abraham reproved Abimelech about a well of water that Abimelech's servants had seized, 26 Abimelech said, “I do not know who has done this thing; you did not tell me, and I have not heard of it until today.” 27 So Abraham took sheep and oxen and gave them to Abimelech, and the two men made a covenant. 28 Abraham set seven ewe lambs of the flock apart. 29 And Abimelech said to Abraham, “What is the meaning of these seven ewe lambs that you have set apart?” 30 He said, “These seven ewe lambs you will take from my hand, that this may be a witness for me that I dug this well.” 31 Therefore that place was called Beersheba, because there both of them swore an oath. 32 So they made a covenant at Beersheba. Then Abimelech and Phicol the commander of his army rose up and returned to the land of the Philistines. 33 Abraham planted a tamarisk tree in Beersheba and called there on the name of the Lord, the Everlasting God. 34 And Abraham sojourned many days in the land of the Philistines.

Chapter Analysis

Genesis 21: Isaac Is Born, Hagar And Ishmael Are Sent Away, And Abraham Makes Peace With Abimelech

Genesis 21 records the fulfillment of God’s promise through the birth of Isaac. It also records the separation of Hagar and Ishmael from Abraham’s household, God’s care for them in the wilderness, and Abraham’s covenant with Abimelech at Beersheba.

I. Isaac Is Born According To God’s Promise

Genesis 21:1–7

🔹 The LORD visited Sarah as He had promised.
🔹 Sarah conceived and bore Isaac to Abraham in his old age.
🔹 Isaac was born at the appointed time God had spoken.
🔹 Abraham named his son Isaac.
🔹 Abraham circumcised Isaac when he was eight days old, as God commanded.
🔹 Abraham was one hundred years old when Isaac was born.
🔹 Sarah rejoiced because God had made her laugh.
🔹 Sarah declared that those who heard would rejoice with her.

II. Hagar And Ishmael Are Sent Away

Genesis 21:8–21

🔹 Isaac grew and was weaned, and Abraham made a great feast.
🔹 Sarah saw Ishmael mocking Isaac.
🔹 Sarah asked Abraham to send Hagar and Ishmael away.
🔹 Abraham was distressed because Ishmael was his son.
🔹 God told Abraham to listen to Sarah because the covenant line would be called through Isaac.
🔹 God promised to make Ishmael into a nation because he was Abraham’s descendant.
🔹 Abraham sent Hagar and Ishmael away with bread and water.
🔹 When the water was gone, Hagar placed Ishmael under a shrub and wept.
🔹 God heard the voice of the boy and spoke to Hagar.
🔹 God opened Hagar’s eyes, and she saw a well of water.
🔹 God was with Ishmael as he grew in the wilderness.
🔹 Ishmael became an archer and lived in the wilderness of Paran.
🔹 Hagar chose a wife for Ishmael from Egypt.

III. Abraham And Abimelech Make A Covenant

Genesis 21:22–34

🔹 Abimelech and Phichol recognized that God was with Abraham in all that he did.
🔹 Abimelech asked Abraham to swear that he would deal faithfully with him and his descendants.
🔹 Abraham agreed but rebuked Abimelech because his servants had taken a well.
🔹 Abimelech said that he did not know who had taken the well.
🔹 Abraham gave sheep and oxen to Abimelech, and they made a covenant.
🔹 Abraham set apart seven ewe lambs as a witness that he had dug the well.
🔹 The place was called Beersheba because they swore an oath there.
🔹 Abraham planted a tamarisk tree at Beersheba and called on the name of the LORD, the Everlasting God.
🔹 Abraham lived for a long time in the land of the Philistines.